LESSON 11 IT’S THE THIRD BUILDING ON THE RIGHT.

The Use of Nouns as Adjectives

Objective: To help students understand and use nouns as adjectives to describe other nouns effectively.

1. Introduction to Nouns as Adjectives

• Definition: In English, a noun can often be used to describe another noun. When a noun is used in this way, it functions as an adjective, providing more information about the noun it modifies.
• Example: In the phrase "chocolate cake," "chocolate" is a noun describing the type of cake.

2. Understanding the Concept

• When nouns are used as adjectives, they typically describe what kind, what type, or what purpose the main noun serves.
• They do not change form (e.g., no plural or possessive form) when used as adjectives.

3. Structure

• Basic Rule: Noun (used as an adjective) + Main Noun
• Example: “coffee cup” (coffee is a noun describing the type of cup)

4. Examples of Nouns Used as Adjectives

Noun as Adjective	Main Noun	Combined Phrase	Meaning
coffee	table	coffee table	A table for placing coffee or for general use in a living room.
book	store	book store	A store where books are sold.
chicken	soup	chicken soup	Soup made with chicken.
computer	screen	computer screen	A screen used for a computer.
car	keys	car keys	Keys used to start a car.
tennis	shoes	tennis shoes	Shoes designed for playing tennis.

5. Rules for Using Nouns as Adjectives

1. No Plural Form: Nouns used as adjectives typically stay in their singular form.
• Correct: "toothbrush" (not "teethbrush")
• Correct: "shoe store" (not "shoes store")
2. Position: Nouns as adjectives are always placed before the main noun they describe.
• Correct: "kitchen sink" (not "sink kitchen")
3. Multiple Nouns as Adjectives: Sometimes, more than one noun can function as an adjective before a main noun.
• Example: “chocolate chip cookie” ("chocolate" and "chip" describe "cookie")

6. Difference Between Noun as Adjectives and Adjectives

• Adjective: A word that describes a noun's quality or state.
• Example: "red apple" ("red" is an adjective)
• Noun as Adjective: A noun used to specify another noun.
• Example: "apple pie" ("apple" is a noun used as an adjective)

7. Table Form of Nouns as Adjectives

Noun as Adjective	Main Noun	Combined Noun Phrase	Explanation
water	bottle	water bottle	A bottle used for carrying water.
bus	station	bus station	A place where buses stop.
pizza	delivery	pizza delivery	The service of delivering pizzas.
language	teacher	language teacher	A teacher who teaches languages.
movie	theater	movie theater	A place where movies are shown.
garden	tools	garden tools	Tools used for gardening.

8. Practice Activities

Activity 1: Sentence Completion

• Instructions: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate noun as an adjective.
• Example: I need a new __________ (car) tire.
• Answer: I need a new car tire.

Activity 2: Matching Exercise

• Instructions: Match the nouns with their appropriate main nouns to form correct noun phrases.
• Nouns as Adjectives: coffee, bike, hair, news, office
• Main Nouns: station, cup, shop, brush, chair
• Answers:
• coffee cup
• bike shop
• hair brush
• news station
• office chair

Activity 3: Create Your Own Sentences

• Instructions: Ask students to create sentences using a list of nouns provided as adjectives.
• Example Nouns: kitchen, tennis, baby, dog, history
• Example Sentences:
• I bought a new kitchen table.
• She plays with her tennis racket.
• They are attending a history class.

Activity 4: Identify and Correct

• Instructions: Provide sentences where the noun used as an adjective is incorrect. Students should identify the error and correct it.
• Example: I need some waters bottle for the trip.
• Correction: I need some water bottles for the trip.

Activity 5: Categorization

• Instructions: Categorize a list of combined noun phrases into different groups based on their main nouns.
• Example Groups: Furniture, Food, Places, Tools
• Phrases: dining chair, garden hose, apple pie, shoe store
• Categorization:
• Furniture: dining chair
• Food: apple pie
• Places: shoe store
• Tools: garden hose

9. Tips for Teaching Nouns as Adjectives

1. Visual Aids: Use pictures of common objects to demonstrate how nouns can describe other nouns (e.g., a picture of a "coffee cup").
2. Relatable Examples: Use examples relevant to students' lives (e.g., "school bag," "soccer ball").
3. Practice Regularly: Reinforce learning through everyday examples and classroom objects.
4. Encourage Creativity: Let students come up with their own noun combinations to describe everyday items.

10. Summary

Using nouns as adjectives is a simple yet effective way to provide more information about a noun. By placing a descriptive noun before the main noun, students can learn to create compound noun phrases that are commonly used in English. Through activities and examples, students will develop the skills to use these noun combinations naturally in conversation and writing.

 

LESSON 12 WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO TO SCOTTO’S

The Use of "Asking for Directions and Giving Directions"

Objective: To help students understand and practice asking for and giving directions in English, using appropriate phrases and vocabulary.

1. Introduction to Asking and Giving Directions

• Definition: Asking for directions is when you request information about how to get to a particular place. Giving directions involves telling someone how to reach a specific location.
• Usage: This skill is commonly used when traveling, navigating a new city, or helping others find their way.

2. Vocabulary for Directions

Vocabulary	Meaning
Go straight	Continue in the same direction without turning.
Turn left	Make a left-hand turn.
Turn right	Make a right-hand turn.
Go past	Continue moving beyond a certain point.
Go along	Move in the same direction as the street or path.
Cross	Move from one side of the road or area to the other.
Next to	Beside or close to something.
Opposite	Directly across from something.
Behind	At the back of something.
In front of	Directly ahead of something.
Between	In the space separating two things.
On the corner	Where two streets meet.
At the end of	The final part of the street or road.
Near	Close to a particular place.
Far from	A significant distance from a place.

3. Phrases for Asking for Directions

Phrase	Usage
Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to...?	To ask someone for directions politely.
Could you please show me the way to...?	Another polite way to request directions.
How do I get to...?	Direct way to ask for directions.
Where is the nearest...?	To find the closest location (e.g., bank, restroom).
Is this the right way to...?	To confirm if you are going the correct direction.
Can you point me towards...?	To ask for a general direction.

4. Phrases for Giving Directions

Phrase	Usage
Go straight ahead	To continue moving forward.
Turn left/right at...	To indicate where to make a turn.
It’s on your left/right	To tell someone which side to look.
Go past the...	To instruct someone to pass by a landmark.
You will see a... on your left/right	To identify landmarks as reference points.
Take the first/second street on the left/right	To specify which street to turn onto.
Cross the street	To tell someone to go across the road.
It’s next to/in front of/opposite/behind...	To give the location relative to another place.
At the corner of... and...	To provide the intersection where something is located.
Follow this road	To tell someone to continue along the current road.

5. Table Form of Asking and Giving Directions

Context	Asking for Directions	Giving Directions
General	Can you tell me how to get to the park?	Go straight ahead and turn right at the next intersection.
Confirming Route	Is this the right way to the museum?	Yes, continue straight, and the museum will be on your left.
Nearest Place	Where is the nearest bus stop?	The nearest bus stop is around the corner, next to the pharmacy.
Detailed	How do I get to the train station from here?	Go straight, turn left at the traffic lights, and it’s next to the shopping mall.
Pointing to a Landmark	Where is the library?	It’s opposite the post office. You can’t miss it.

6. Practice Activities

Activity 1: Role-Playing Scenarios

• Instructions: Pair students up and provide each pair with different scenarios. One student will ask for directions, and the other will give directions.
• Scenario Examples:
• A tourist asking how to get to a famous landmark.
• Someone looking for the nearest coffee shop.
• A visitor needing directions to the train station.

Activity 2: Map Reading and Directions

• Instructions: Provide students with a simple map of a town or neighborhood. Have one student ask for directions to a specific location on the map, and the other student must give directions based on the map.
• Task: "You are at the library. How do you get to the cinema?"

Activity 3: Direction Matching Exercise

• Instructions: Prepare flashcards with direction phrases (e.g., “turn left,” “go straight”) and corresponding action images. Ask students to match the phrases with the correct images.

Activity 4: Giving Directions in Pairs

• Instructions: Use the classroom setup. One student asks for directions to a location (e.g., the teacher’s desk, door), and another student gives directions using the phrases learned.
• Task: "How do I get to the teacher’s desk from the window?"

Activity 5: Listening Practice

• Instructions: Play audio recordings of people giving directions. Have students listen and then draw the route on a simple map based on what they hear.

7. Assessment and Feedback

• Oral Test: Ask students to perform a short role-play in front of the class, asking for and giving directions to each other.
• Worksheet: Create a worksheet where students fill in blanks using appropriate direction phrases or complete a map with given directions.
• Quiz: A short quiz asking students to match directions phrases with their meanings or appropriate situations.

8. Tips for Teaching Directions

• Use Visual Aids: Maps, diagrams, and flashcards help visualize directions.
• Practice Real-Life Scenarios: Encourage students to use their school or local neighborhood as the setting for direction activities.
• Encourage Repetition: Have students practice direction phrases regularly to build confidence.
• Interactive Activities: Incorporate games like “Simon Says” using direction commands to make learning fun.

9. Summary

Learning to ask for and give directions is an essential communication skill, especially for travelers and those in new environments. Using structured activities, role-playing, and visual aids, students can become more comfortable and proficient in navigating and helping others navigate various locations. By consistently practicing these skills, students will build confidence and accuracy in real-life situations.